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Since it was launched in 1958, some believe NASA has encountered evidence of UFOs, and

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some UFO researchers say they're covering it up.

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The notion that we're alone in the universe becomes absurd.

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After Roswell, UFO sightings increase at an incredible rate.

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Are astronauts seeing things too?

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Official NASA videos capture possible anomalous objects on film.

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They are objects that are out there, obviously not stars.

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But NASA dismisses the sightings.

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Why did they finalize a report on unidentified blind objects without finding out what those

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were?

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Scientists rarely come forward with their stories, but now details are coming out.

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The policy was that we should stay quiet about such things.

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Frankly, I don't see why they would fabricate this kind of material.

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It's almost a negative career-wise for them.

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Has NASA discovered proof of UFOs?

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We're not entirely convinced that all the NASA footage is a bunch of dust particles.

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And are they hiding what they found?

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He said, well, we have to airbrush these out.

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This is case number 58306, The NASA Files.

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We have an unidentified flying object.

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Since the beginning of the manned space programs in the early 1960s, UFO researchers have claimed

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that NASA missions are seeing UFOs in space.

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Cameras aboard NASA spacecraft photograph and videotape numerous large solid objects.

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According to some experts, these objects appear to accelerate, change direction, and even

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evade danger.

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NASA's explanations say that these are images of ice crystals or other normal space debris.

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But others are convinced that NASA is not disclosing the entire truth.

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Don't you guys find it strange that NASA is not interested in UFOs at all?

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NASA has a limited budget, and UFOs is just considered to be so unlikely that NASA put

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up their resources towards other areas they feel are more likely to yield fruit.

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They say they're not interested in UFOs, yet they've got all this footage of strange things

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flying around.

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What exactly do we have to do to prove that there is a UFO cover up in NASA?

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You've got to find people who are credible witnesses inside NASA, and we've got to find

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documents that say NASA knows there are UFOs.

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That's what we have to investigate.

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Ted wants a smoking gun, let's go look for a smoking gun.

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The team heads to Denver, Colorado to speak with a former NASA employee who has a unique

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insight into NASA's relationship with UFOs.

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John Schusler worked in the engineering department at NASA during the Gemini and Apollo programs

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from 1962 until his retirement in 1998.

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He was awarded the NASA Public Service Medal in 1997.

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If anybody knows about a NASA cover up from the inside, it's John Schusler.

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Were you inside the NASA machine?

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I did have a top secret clearance.

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I'm interested in solving this mystery.

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I try to find out why somebody that's really responsible for our space program wouldn't

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be interested in something else up there.

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And all I got was Stonewall.

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What's the NASA policy on UFOs?

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I never saw a written policy, but the unwritten policy was don't go there.

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Now that's a policy.

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It's a non-subject, it's a policy whether you want to say it or not.

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I found that NASA had a list of organizations outside of NASA.

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Those organizations were supposed to be able to give me the NASA policy.

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That's pretty strange.

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NASA should be speaking for themselves.

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While NASA has no official policy on UFOs, other government and military agencies found

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the perfect way to dismiss any talk about the subject.

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The Condon Report.

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The report, commissioned by the Air Force in 1966, was led by physicist Edward Condon.

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After two years of studying UFO information gathered by both government and civilian

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groups, the report determined that all cases had rational explanations and that no further

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study of such phenomena was necessary.

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Quote, the subject of UFOs has been widely misrepresented to the public by a small number

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of individuals.

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If we came across any evidence whatever that seemed to us to indicate a defense hazard,

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we would call it to the attention of the Air Force at once.

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We did not find any such evidence.

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We do not think at this time the federal government ought to set up a major new agency, as some

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have suggested, for the scientific study of UFOs.

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Why did they finalize a report on a study of unidentified flying objects without finding

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out what those were?

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His executive summary said, forget it all, you know, there's nothing to it.

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So you're saying the Condon Report was far from objective.

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There was an Air Force influence on the report to make sure that it came up negative.

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And the Air Force used that statement by Condon to shut down Project Blue Book and say for

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the next 40 years UFOs didn't exist.

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With all government agencies, including NASA, no longer officially interested in studying

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the UFO phenomena.

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It became difficult for astronauts or anyone else working for NASA to speak about anomalous

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events they possibly witnessed.

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If you look at the index to this, chapter six of that is visual observations made by

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U.S. astronauts.

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The very first case I ever heard of was on Gemini 4.

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And on Gemini 4 you had an outstanding pair of astronauts up there.

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This was James McDivitt and White.

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One of them said, hey, there's something up here.

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June 1965.

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Ed White and James McDivitt are passing over Hawaii in the Gemini 4 spacecraft.

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They suddenly spot a metallic object with long arms protruding from it.

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McDivitt takes a series of pictures.

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Some hours later, McDivitt is on duty while his partner sleeps.

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He sees something strange over the Hawaiian islands.

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A round object with a comet-like tail and manages to take some movie footage.

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According to the official NASA transcript, McDivitt contacts NASA, quote, Gemini 4.

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Capcom responds, quote, how are you doing up there?

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McDivitt reports back, quote, fine.

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I just saw something else up here with me.

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But just as I was getting close enough to take a good picture, the sun got in the way

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and I lost it.

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The official mission audio reveals that the capsule communicator, or Capcom, acknowledges

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and shows interest in what McDivitt is seeing.

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McDivitt says, quote, stand by and let me see if I can find this thing again.

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Capcom responds back, quote.

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That's a firm.

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You still looking at the thing up there?

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McDivitt reports back, quote, no, I've lost it.

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It had big arms sticking out of it, it looked like.

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I only had it just for a minute.

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I got a couple of pictures with a movie camera and one with the Hasselblad, but I was in

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free drift before I could get the control back.

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I drifted and lost it.

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After the Gemini 4 mission concludes, McDivitt is surprised to find that NASA releases only

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one picture and one still frame of his footage to the public.

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He maintains the released picture is not what he saw and denies NASA's explanation that

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the object is simply a reflection on the window.

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McDivitt believes he may have accidentally photographed a secret defense satellite.

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The astronauts themselves are talking about UFOs.

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Well some of them did.

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Well, some.

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Not very many.

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The pilots generally will not speak out about UFOs, even though they encounter them on

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a regular basis.

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It's taboo.

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They just won't do it.

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Their real business is flying in space.

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They don't want to talk about anything else.

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But this is not the only time a Gemini mission will spot something strange.

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December 1965, astronauts James Lovell and Frank Borman in the Gemini 7 capsule see a

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UFO on their second orbit around the Earth.

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Gemini control at Cape Kennedy explains it away as the final stage of their Titan rocket.

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But once again, official mission audio tells a different story.

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Gemini 7 here, you are not here, right?

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Lock clear, 7 go ahead.

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How far can you attack the clock high?

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This is Houston, say again, 7.

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So now, go ahead and attack the clock high.

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But Lovell, Borman's co-pilot, notes that he sees the booster rocket on his side of the

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craft.

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According to the official NASA audio transcript of the mission, Lovell says, quote, I have

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the booster on my side.

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Capcom responds, quote, what direction is it from you?

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Lovell reports back, quote, it's ahead of us at 2 o'clock, slowly tumbling.

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Later, Audio shows Capcom convincing Borman and Lovell that this is part of the booster

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rocket after all.

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But despite this explanation, NASA rarely addresses this or other early astronaut sightings.

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I was told one time by a director that you have to make a decision in what you really

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want to do.

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Do you really want to follow UFOs or do you really want to be in the space program?

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It wasn't accepted or given as a threat.

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It was given as more like, this is the way it is.

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This is life here.

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Others who have worked within NASA, like John Schusler, report that there is an unspoken

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code of silence on the subject.

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One woman is willing to break this code, and she claims to have witnessed NASA not just

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ignoring evidence, but suppressing it.

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One of the things that I noticed was a spot.

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He said, well, we have to airbrush these out.

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Since the beginning of NASA's manned space flights, the agency has refused to officially

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comment on the possibility of UFOs encountered during their missions.

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But there are a few who have been willing to come forward and talk on the record about

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NASA and UFOs.

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The team sends Pat to pick up an inside contact who claims that she has witnessed NASA covering

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up the existence of UFOs firsthand.

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Hi.

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Donna Hare claims to have worked at NASA as a subcontractor with security clearance.

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She has recently gone public with her alleged encounter at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.

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I became aware that there were craft at NASA, and it's being kept secret.

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And I had seen pictures in the lab.

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The team is aware that Donna's story is a controversial one, but she strongly believes in what she claims to have seen.

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While at NASA, her work focused on graphic design.

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During her tenure, she believes she saw someone suppress evidence.

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Can you describe what you saw in some detail?

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I was working in Building 8.

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And one of the technicians there was making a mosaic.

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One of the things that I noticed was a spot.

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According to Donna, the technician was making a mosaic map of an undisclosed area.

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A satellite in orbit was taking numerous pictures of the location and sending them back to Earth so that they could later be put together to form a grid of the entire area.

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In one of these pictures, Donna claims to have noticed a strange object that seemed out of place.

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I said, is that a bubble on the emulsion?

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He said, no, bubbles on the emulsion don't leave round shadows on the ground.

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He said, well, we have to airbrush these out before we sell them to the public.

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She wondered, was this just protocol to airbrush normal objects or distortions, making the photos more clear, or an attempt to erase errant pictures of UFOs?

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They did have a protocol in place, so obviously other things have gone through that they've taken out.

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I mean, are we talking about a NASA cover-up here?

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Donna's story has never been independently verified.

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And if this was a UFO airbrushed out of existence, does this mean the entire organization is in on the cover-up?

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All of NASA is not covering it up, but I do believe specific people in there are keeping it covered up, which is more scary than a UFO to me.

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Did anybody at NASA ever tell you don't ever talk about UFOs?

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There were two gentlemen that did come to my house, and they basically told me it was not a good thing for me to talk about.

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Now, they didn't say you're going to die, but I was getting my phone tapped a lot, and I was getting followed.

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If it's intimidation, it shouldn't be done. To me, that's completely against the American way of life. We shouldn't be talking about this.

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I think this is one of the most serious subjects that we're ever going to see.

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These allegations of a NASA cover-up are extraordinary, but those who come forward stand by their experiences.

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The team turns to the history of NASA shuttle encounters in an attempt to find more answers.

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In the Space Shuttle Columbia launched into space on April 12, 1981, astronauts were spending not hours, but days and later weeks in outer space.

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It would be logical to expect anomalous sightings to increase as well.

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That's exactly what happened.

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With a number of reports from shuttle astronauts increases, NASA continues to search for explanations.

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Space debris was a common explanation, but NASA soon discovered that the shuttle itself could be having an impact on what astronauts were seeing.

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The team heads back to California for a first-hand look at an astronaut's point of view.

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Brick Price has built an exact duplicate of the control room of the Space Shuttle, which is often used in Hollywood films.

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Well, here's a Space Shuttle. What do you think?

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Wow!

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The mock-up was constructed from the original shuttle blueprints, so every square inch of it is accurate.

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Brick has set up a cross-section of the Space Shuttle's windows and set up a camera to film through them, displaying its point of view on a separate monitor.

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His experiments will explore a theory of what the astronauts could have seen.

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A lot of people have seen this NASA footage say that these objects flying around are just bits of debris or even chunks of ice that have sort of been chipped off the Space Shuttle.

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Is that something that could actually happen?

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Sure.

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And that's a possibility.

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The Space Shuttle's windows are typically four to five window panes thick.

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But because of this, the view outside can easily be distorted.

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With these panes of glass, we're going to be able to show you reflections.

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Amy's going to be shining a bright light here and trying to mimic what might happen with sunlight moving around.

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The glass is very thick. What you have then is you have an inner surface and outer surface on each piece of glass that has separation, and then you have four or five pieces of glass.

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Now, each of those surfaces will reflect light.

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With light reflecting through several different panes, it can make debris on the windows appear to grow in size or move.

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You'll see it was the sunlight that moves around. It's going to pick up different aspects of this.

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On the computer monitor, the team can clearly see how easily light can distort the smallest particle.

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As you'll see on here, note that this one fades out, that particular one right there.

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So it looks like it's growing. It looks like it might be coming towards us because as the light increases in intensity, it appears to be growing bigger.

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Now, best stuff you're seeing coming across in between the lens and the sheets of glass, the window.

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And it's being illuminated from the light that's coming on the window side.

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Not only is there debris outside the shuttle, but there is also debris between the window panels.

227
00:19:14,594 --> 00:19:17,597
How would debris get inside the panes of glass?

228
00:19:17,597 --> 00:19:21,601
Here you can see how the panes of glass are vibrating at different frequencies.

229
00:19:21,601 --> 00:19:24,604
And that translates, of course, to the edges here.

230
00:19:24,604 --> 00:19:31,611
So again, if it pushed against it like that sheet of glass and caused it to a little piece to just break free,

231
00:19:31,611 --> 00:19:38,618
it could be anything. It could be a paint or a piece of aluminum or maybe some dried up insulation or something.

232
00:19:39,618 --> 00:19:41,620
So aberrations are common.

233
00:19:41,620 --> 00:19:46,625
Not only can there be debris magnified on the outside of the window,

234
00:19:46,625 --> 00:19:53,632
any internal debris that breaks off in between the glass layers can appear as a strange object as well.

235
00:19:56,635 --> 00:20:02,641
Stark sunlight coming at acute angles into the field, ice particles.

236
00:20:02,641 --> 00:20:10,649
You know, all these add up to me to a pretty good set of candidate explanations for what we're seeing in these photos.

237
00:20:10,649 --> 00:20:17,655
So all this goes to show that when you're looking through these multiple panes of glass, you're looking at a lot more than just what's outside.

238
00:20:17,655 --> 00:20:20,658
Oh, absolutely. As I said, there's much more than meets the eye.

239
00:20:20,658 --> 00:20:24,662
There's clearly a lot of objects that are far off in the distance from the space shuttle,

240
00:20:24,662 --> 00:20:28,666
and those may not be little pieces of ice or dust particles.

241
00:20:29,667 --> 00:20:36,674
I'm not entirely convinced that all the NASA footage is a bunch of dust particles. There may be some stuff out there.

242
00:20:39,677 --> 00:20:44,682
Bricks demonstration may explain some of the objects seen by astronauts,

243
00:20:44,682 --> 00:20:50,687
but it doesn't explain official NASA footage taken outside the space shuttle.

244
00:20:51,688 --> 00:20:57,694
Footage that shows objects, which some claim are moving under intelligent control.

245
00:21:01,698 --> 00:21:09,706
August 6th, 2005. Just before dawn over the Pacific waters that separate Hawaii and the U.S. mainland.

246
00:21:09,706 --> 00:21:19,715
A camera on space shuttle mission STS-114 Discovery photographs several unidentified lights in the sky.

247
00:21:19,715 --> 00:21:25,721
One of them appears to come to a halt and then reverse direction.

248
00:21:25,721 --> 00:21:31,727
The video has been sped up ten times to more clearly show this change in trajectory.

249
00:21:32,728 --> 00:21:37,733
NASA gives no official explanation for what this object might be,

250
00:21:37,733 --> 00:21:44,740
but their most common explanation for sightings of this kind are ice crystals breaking off from the shuttle.

251
00:21:45,741 --> 00:21:50,746
In this case, that explanation seems highly unlikely.

252
00:21:51,746 --> 00:21:57,752
But Dr. Jack Kasher, a professor emeritus of physics at the University of Nebraska,

253
00:21:57,752 --> 00:22:04,759
has examined this and other NASA videos, and he believes this is not always an adequate explanation.

254
00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:12,767
There are several key ideas that led me to at least be satisfied with the concept that these are not ice particles.

255
00:22:12,767 --> 00:22:19,774
You see an object coming to frame from the lower right. It seems to stop, but it's not stopping, right Jack?

256
00:22:19,774 --> 00:22:23,778
Nope. It's moving away at this point. It's circling back around.

257
00:22:25,779 --> 00:22:31,785
Every other object in frame is almost as if it's stationary, except for that.

258
00:22:31,785 --> 00:22:38,792
It passed right about through here. That's the Earth, and it's going to come back down lower than it was before.

259
00:22:39,793 --> 00:22:45,799
You really have an object under intelligent control, arcing around and heading back toward the Earth.

260
00:22:48,802 --> 00:22:51,805
Could there be another possible explanation?

261
00:22:53,807 --> 00:22:56,810
Is this object a meteor or comet?

262
00:22:58,811 --> 00:23:05,818
A comet or meteor moving in the vacuum of space will continue to travel on its existing course,

263
00:23:05,818 --> 00:23:08,821
unless it's affected by an outside force.

264
00:23:11,824 --> 00:23:16,829
For this object to change direction, it needs to hit something.

265
00:23:17,830 --> 00:23:21,834
But this object doesn't appear to collide with any other object.

266
00:23:24,837 --> 00:23:30,842
When I first looked at this, I thought these were stars, and that we were in orbit looking out into space.

267
00:23:31,843 --> 00:23:39,851
It looks to me like it's following a perfect arc, moving away from us on an orbital plane, and the plane is above our point of view.

268
00:23:42,854 --> 00:23:47,859
I'm disagreeing and saying, no, it looks like this is actually changing direction before our eyes.

269
00:23:48,860 --> 00:23:53,865
To be intelligent to me, it would have to do something that was outside of a natural orbital arc.

270
00:23:54,866 --> 00:24:03,874
It's like a nice, natural, continuous arc that would be functioned purely of an inanimate object just in standard gravitational orbit.

271
00:24:05,876 --> 00:24:11,882
Whether this object is in a natural orbit or actually changing direction is difficult to determine.

272
00:24:12,883 --> 00:24:18,889
Even if this object is in orbit, it is highly unlikely to be a satellite or space junk,

273
00:24:18,889 --> 00:24:22,893
neither of which would have this type of orbital path.

274
00:24:23,894 --> 00:24:30,901
But the STS-114 Shuttle mission isn't the only mission to have recorded an anomalous event in space.

275
00:24:31,902 --> 00:24:36,906
The team will look at one of the most provocative pieces of evidence to date.

276
00:24:37,907 --> 00:24:41,911
This was the video that convinced NASA not to release the video right away.

277
00:24:49,919 --> 00:25:04,934
Since 1981, actual NASA footage taken during space shuttle missions displays what some UFO experts believe are objects behaving in an unnatural manner.

278
00:25:10,939 --> 00:25:17,946
September 15, 1991, Space Shuttle Mission STS-48 Discovery.

279
00:25:18,947 --> 00:25:20,949
Near 830 Greenwich, meantime.

280
00:25:21,950 --> 00:25:25,954
This video was captured by a camera mounted on the bulkhead of the shuttle.

281
00:25:26,955 --> 00:25:29,958
A glowing object appears near the horizon.

282
00:25:30,959 --> 00:25:37,966
It moves toward the left of the screen, but then quickly moves to the right at an incredible speed.

283
00:25:38,967 --> 00:25:43,971
A TV camera mounted on the outside of the shuttle records the scene.

284
00:25:44,972 --> 00:25:51,979
A light flashes at the left of the screen, and the object changes direction and streaks away.

285
00:25:53,981 --> 00:25:57,985
Later, two streaks of light flash through empty space.

286
00:26:00,988 --> 00:26:03,991
What did the space shuttle camera capture?

287
00:26:03,991 --> 00:26:17,003
This was the video that convinced NASA not to release the video right away.

288
00:26:18,004 --> 00:26:23,009
What makes this so interesting is that we're out in space, so we don't have too many options.

289
00:26:24,010 --> 00:26:28,014
If the main object is an ice particle, it's about up here.

290
00:26:29,015 --> 00:26:33,019
The camera is back here, pointing up at a 45-degree angle.

291
00:26:34,020 --> 00:26:43,029
We're left with this Vernier rocket firing down here as the only possible cause of an ice particle up here accelerating up and around like this.

292
00:26:47,033 --> 00:26:55,040
Vernier rockets are small rocket engines originally used on these missions to help keep the shuttle on its correct trajectory.

293
00:26:56,041 --> 00:27:01,046
There were four Vernier rocket thrusters on the Space Shuttle Discovery during STS-48.

294
00:27:01,046 --> 00:27:05,050
Two that point outwards, and two that point down.

295
00:27:06,051 --> 00:27:14,059
When these were fired to help keep the shuttle on its path, they would often cause ice particles to break off from the shuttle into space.

296
00:27:17,062 --> 00:27:19,064
There are a couple of the objects that you can track.

297
00:27:20,065 --> 00:27:25,069
If they are being accelerated by a rocket away, where those trajectories meet, that has to be the location of the rocket.

298
00:27:25,069 --> 00:27:32,076
And the trajectories actually diverge when they come back, so they couldn't possibly be accelerated by a Vernier rocket.

299
00:27:33,077 --> 00:27:41,085
If a Vernier rocket caused ice particles to accelerate, then these objects' paths could be traced back to the rocket.

300
00:27:43,087 --> 00:27:47,091
But in the footage, the objects' paths go in opposite directions,

301
00:27:48,092 --> 00:27:56,099
making it nearly impossible for the Vernier rocket to be responsible.

302
00:28:04,107 --> 00:28:09,112
Then you'll see there's a half-second pause, and ice particles can't pause when it's being pushed.

303
00:28:10,113 --> 00:28:23,126
We have some Vernier rockets that actually did fire about that time, but there is a 1.2 second delay between when the rocket fired and when the main object started to accelerate.

304
00:28:27,130 --> 00:28:30,132
In your history of doing projects like this, have you ever been wrong?

305
00:28:31,133 --> 00:28:36,138
From what I can tell from this data that I got, it stopped for half a second.

306
00:28:40,142 --> 00:28:48,150
Since these objects' paths do not coincide with the origin point of the Vernier rockets, and they also appear to stop in mid-flight,

307
00:28:49,151 --> 00:28:54,156
the team believes that it is very unlikely these are ice particles from the shuttle.

308
00:28:59,161 --> 00:29:03,164
It stops. That means there's some intelligent control going on.

309
00:29:04,165 --> 00:29:18,179
But some UFO researchers theorize there is a darker story behind the flash at the top of the screen, and the sudden movements of the objects.

310
00:29:22,183 --> 00:29:30,191
One of the theories about what the objects are that seem to come from Earth in the NASA STS-48 video

311
00:29:30,191 --> 00:29:33,194
is that it's some kind of a missile or a projectile.

312
00:29:34,195 --> 00:29:41,201
Something comes up from the lower left of the screen towards the object that just moved out of its way.

313
00:29:45,205 --> 00:29:52,212
The people who know the weapon systems that were around when STS took place say we didn't have any of those weapons.

314
00:29:53,213 --> 00:30:06,226
If there were weapons aimed in space, if those weapons existed, those would be the very weapons aimed at a UFO coming to Earth from outer space.

315
00:30:07,227 --> 00:30:25,244
NASA would help a lot of us to understand this better and maybe eliminate a lot of this UFO speculation if they had some people that would come out and offer us their explanations for some of these things.

316
00:30:26,245 --> 00:30:32,251
But is there an explanation for what the team believes is the most compelling NASA video yet?

317
00:30:36,255 --> 00:30:45,263
February 25, 1996. A 12-mile-long tether accidentally breaks and floats away from the shuttle Columbia.

318
00:30:46,264 --> 00:30:55,273
When the tether is between 75 and 100 miles away, the shuttle camera records dozens of small orbs suddenly surrounding it.

319
00:30:57,275 --> 00:31:06,284
The standard explanation is space debris, but why would debris cluster around an object and why does it seem to keep circling the tether?

320
00:31:07,285 --> 00:31:14,291
See those little snowflake or those disc shapes going right behind the tether?

321
00:31:15,292 --> 00:31:18,295
This UFO must have been at least 100 miles across flying behind this tether.

322
00:31:26,303 --> 00:31:30,307
NASA maintains its only mission is to explore outer space.

323
00:31:31,308 --> 00:31:36,313
But some claim NASA is suppressing evidence of UFOs.

324
00:31:39,316 --> 00:31:47,323
The team has been analyzing official NASA video taken during space shuttle missions to investigate these stories.

325
00:31:52,328 --> 00:31:57,333
STS-48 captures an object that changes direction in an instant.

326
00:32:00,336 --> 00:32:05,341
And STS-114 films an object traveling a very unusual path.

327
00:32:07,343 --> 00:32:17,353
But in the case of STS-75, the team finds the footage so compelling that they seek insight from experiments producer John Tyndall.

328
00:32:21,356 --> 00:32:27,362
Today we're going to demonstrate a difficulty that three dimensions being captured by two-dimensional cameras.

329
00:32:28,363 --> 00:32:34,369
John believes this experiment will shed light on the images captured by STS-75.

330
00:32:35,370 --> 00:32:40,375
A tether broke off from the space shuttle and was seemingly surrounded by small orbs.

331
00:32:41,376 --> 00:32:46,381
He has set up a spatial representation of the tether and the windows of the shuttle.

332
00:32:46,381 --> 00:32:53,387
All right, now you can see that's the tether. It's broken loose. See those little snowflake or those disc shapes going right behind the tether.

333
00:32:54,388 --> 00:33:00,394
Now other ones are appearing to be in the foreground, which leads a lot of folks to believe that they were real and they were out there.

334
00:33:02,396 --> 00:33:11,405
These particles may be nothing more than ice and debris from around the ship that are out of focus because a telephoto lens was used to capture the tether.

335
00:33:11,405 --> 00:33:18,412
NASA maintains that this is nothing more than ice and debris that's around the ship that's out of focus because this is a telephoto lens.

336
00:33:19,413 --> 00:33:24,418
Now the camera is using a lens, a telephoto lens, which incorporated a mirror.

337
00:33:25,419 --> 00:33:29,422
This hole that's in the center of this mirror also leaves an artifact.

338
00:33:30,423 --> 00:33:33,426
The same artifact that you see is the telephoto lens.

339
00:33:33,426 --> 00:33:40,433
Light illuminates these objects from behind and then this light bounces off the mirrored lens.

340
00:33:41,434 --> 00:33:47,440
The objects will now appear to have the form of the lens, even though this is not their actual shape.

341
00:33:49,442 --> 00:33:52,445
This can be seen by Tyndall's example.

342
00:33:53,446 --> 00:33:58,451
He has a mirror that's in the center of the tether, and it's a mirror that's in the center of the tether.

343
00:33:58,451 --> 00:34:00,452
This is the shape.

344
00:34:01,453 --> 00:34:03,455
This can be seen by Tyndall's example.

345
00:34:04,456 --> 00:34:08,460
He has prepared a small piece of fishing line that is backlit by a green light.

346
00:34:09,461 --> 00:34:14,466
However, when the line is passed in front of the camera, it doesn't look like fishing line.

347
00:34:15,467 --> 00:34:18,470
It takes the form of a circle with a hole in the center.

348
00:34:19,471 --> 00:34:25,477
The sunlight was coming across and hitting ice crystals and backlighting them and causing them to illuminate.

349
00:34:26,478 --> 00:34:33,484
Any shape that's around the lens of a camera or around the optical path will impinge on those circles of confusion.

350
00:34:38,489 --> 00:34:45,496
But even if the object's shape can be explained, why do they appear to pass behind the tether and circle it?

351
00:34:46,497 --> 00:35:01,512
John has set up a mock tether inside a three-dimensional environment and will show how this optical illusion occurs.

352
00:35:06,516 --> 00:35:09,519
You see how overexposed the tether is at this point?

353
00:35:09,519 --> 00:35:14,524
Even though this is in the foreground, it gives the illusion that it's passing behind.

354
00:35:18,528 --> 00:35:27,537
The image on STS-75's camera is overexposed, meaning that objects appear brighter than they actually are.

355
00:35:30,540 --> 00:35:35,545
This gives the illusion that they are behind the tether when they are actually in front.

356
00:35:40,549 --> 00:35:42,551
Does it say mimic the UFO?

357
00:35:42,551 --> 00:35:43,552
Yep.

358
00:35:45,554 --> 00:35:59,568
I think John Tyndall did a good job demonstrating a number of potential optical aberration effects that you might see in the conditions of taking photographic or videographic imagery through the space shuttle windows.

359
00:36:00,569 --> 00:36:08,577
The team successfully recreated some images from the STS footage, but others still remain unexplained.

360
00:36:09,578 --> 00:36:20,588
The only source, besides NASA, left to offer any further information are the astronauts themselves.

361
00:36:21,589 --> 00:36:34,602
Despite what some refer to as a code of silence amongst NASA employees, especially pilots and astronauts, some have decided to come forward with their own stories.

362
00:36:35,603 --> 00:36:38,606
I'm Edgar Mitchell. I'm one of 12 men who walked on the moon.

363
00:36:39,607 --> 00:36:50,617
Edgar Mitchell is the sixth man to walk on the moon, and a believer that extraterrestrial intelligence is likely.

364
00:36:54,621 --> 00:37:02,629
So Dr. Mitchell, you are not the first astronaut to speak out about UFOs and extraterrestrials. Can you tell me about some of the others?

365
00:37:02,629 --> 00:37:11,638
Through talking with astronauts and individuals in both government and intelligence agencies over the years, I'm quite confident we have been visited.

366
00:37:11,638 --> 00:37:14,641
A notion that we're alone in the universe becomes absurd.

367
00:37:17,644 --> 00:37:23,649
Because you have to be so highly skilled to be an astronaut, do you think that these reports of UFOs should be taken very seriously?

368
00:37:24,650 --> 00:37:30,656
Virtually all of the sightings by pilots and test pilots should be considered credible.

369
00:37:30,656 --> 00:37:36,662
Mitchell suggests that government agencies like NASA are not telling the entire truth.

370
00:37:42,668 --> 00:37:51,676
The literature in the UFO field, even though covered up and denied by officials, it's full of sightings.

371
00:37:52,677 --> 00:37:54,679
How does a disinformation program work?

372
00:37:55,680 --> 00:38:02,687
The standard tactic has been releasing a little bit of valid information with an awful, a great deal of false information.

373
00:38:03,688 --> 00:38:07,692
Two cast dispersions and two cast doubt on the real information.

374
00:38:07,692 --> 00:38:11,696
Most people in government don't know anything more about this than the man on the street.

375
00:38:12,697 --> 00:38:16,701
It's only a certain individual that really has all the details.

376
00:38:17,702 --> 00:38:23,708
What is NASA's goal in their continuing silence regarding UFOs?

377
00:38:24,708 --> 00:38:27,711
Are they ignoring a subject they have no interest in?

378
00:38:28,712 --> 00:38:30,714
Or holding back the real information?

379
00:38:31,715 --> 00:38:35,719
The team digs deeper into astronaut testimony.

380
00:38:36,720 --> 00:38:39,723
I'm Dr. Brian O'Leary, former NASA astronaut.

381
00:38:39,723 --> 00:38:44,728
Not only is the phenomenon very real, but there's also a very elaborate cover.

382
00:38:55,739 --> 00:39:00,743
The team has uncovered evidence on both sides of their NASA investigation.

383
00:39:01,744 --> 00:39:06,749
Evidence that may explain reported astronaut sightings and NASA videos.

384
00:39:07,750 --> 00:39:13,756
But some astronauts remain adamant that the UFO phenomenon is a reality.

385
00:39:14,757 --> 00:39:20,763
And that NASA has known about their sightings from the very beginnings of manned space missions.

386
00:39:23,766 --> 00:39:29,772
NASA pilot Joseph Walker told the National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space Search

387
00:39:29,772 --> 00:39:35,777
that he had filmed five cylindrical objects during his historic flight.

388
00:39:36,778 --> 00:39:43,785
In April 1962, when his X-15 climbed 50 miles above the Earth's surface.

389
00:39:45,787 --> 00:39:51,793
Then he told the stunned audience that the previous month he had filmed two disc-shaped objects.

390
00:39:53,795 --> 00:39:57,799
Only one still image was ever released by NASA.

391
00:39:58,800 --> 00:40:09,810
Walker's statement was a rare discussion by a NASA pilot regarding sightings of UFOs and not the only one.

392
00:40:12,813 --> 00:40:17,818
Gordon Cooper, one of the astronauts from NASA's original Mercury project,

393
00:40:17,818 --> 00:40:21,822
claimed to have witnessed several strange aircraft throughout his career.

394
00:40:22,823 --> 00:40:27,828
They're just typical saucer shape, double intangular shape, metallic.

395
00:40:27,828 --> 00:40:31,832
I knew that we didn't have any vehicles of that kind.

396
00:40:31,832 --> 00:40:38,838
And I was 99.9 percent sure that the Russians didn't have any of that type either.

397
00:40:39,839 --> 00:40:44,844
And according to his memoirs, he said that NASA and the government,

398
00:40:44,844 --> 00:40:48,848
quote, swept these and other sightings under the rug.

399
00:40:49,849 --> 00:40:55,855
Gordon Cooper was very bitter that this secret had been kept from the American public.

400
00:40:55,855 --> 00:40:59,859
And he went so far as to address the United Nations about this topic.

401
00:40:59,859 --> 00:41:02,862
There's no way within the military or within the government

402
00:41:02,862 --> 00:41:07,867
of keeping track of something that is classified, unless you're directly involved in it.

403
00:41:07,867 --> 00:41:09,869
And I was not.

404
00:41:09,869 --> 00:41:13,872
Frankly, I don't see why they would be wanting to fabricate this kind of material.

405
00:41:13,872 --> 00:41:18,877
It's almost a negative career-wise for them to be coming forward with this sort of evidence.

406
00:41:21,880 --> 00:41:26,885
In 2008, yet another former NASA astronaut has come forward.

407
00:41:32,891 --> 00:41:36,895
I'm Dr. Brian O'Leary, former NASA astronaut.

408
00:41:36,895 --> 00:41:41,900
Not only is the phenomenon very real, but there's also a very elaborate cover-up.

409
00:41:42,901 --> 00:41:48,906
Brian O'Leary, a NASA astronaut from 1967 to 1968,

410
00:41:48,906 --> 00:41:53,911
originally slated for a manned mission to Mars, has also come forward.

411
00:41:53,911 --> 00:41:56,914
But he wasn't always a believer.

412
00:41:56,914 --> 00:41:59,917
I myself was once a skeptic.

413
00:41:59,917 --> 00:42:01,919
Totally rejected the UFO phenomenon.

414
00:42:01,919 --> 00:42:05,923
I thought that they were hallucinations, marsh gas, Venus.

415
00:42:05,923 --> 00:42:11,929
I was on Carl Sagan's bandwagon during the 1960s, and while I was an astronaut.

416
00:42:12,930 --> 00:42:19,936
After I left NASA, I really began to learn what it's like to be the target of scoffing

417
00:42:19,936 --> 00:42:23,940
by people who would normally be my friends, my colleagues,

418
00:42:23,940 --> 00:42:28,945
just because I would inquire into areas that were outside of their box of inquiry.

419
00:42:29,946 --> 00:42:33,950
But were these attitudes passed on to all astronauts,

420
00:42:33,950 --> 00:42:37,954
or just to those who are interested in UFOs?

421
00:42:38,955 --> 00:42:43,960
Some of my fellow astronauts and scientist astronauts who did go up

422
00:42:43,960 --> 00:42:51,967
and who have observed things very clearly, they were told not to report it.

423
00:42:55,971 --> 00:43:00,976
It is these reports which leave UFO researchers and other experts

424
00:43:00,976 --> 00:43:03,979
without a solid answer to their biggest question.

425
00:43:03,979 --> 00:43:08,984
Why does NASA continually avoid the subject of UFOs?

426
00:43:12,988 --> 00:43:15,991
We've got documents here, the Condon reports,

427
00:43:15,991 --> 00:43:19,995
the testimony of Ed White and James McDivitt, the UFOs they saw.

428
00:43:19,995 --> 00:43:26,000
I think I've moved beyond believing that there are mere contradictions in NASA's UFO policies

429
00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:30,004
to believing that there may in fact be some kind of UFO cover-up.

430
00:43:30,004 --> 00:43:33,007
Cover-up at NASA? I doubt it.

431
00:43:33,007 --> 00:43:37,011
I'm not sure there is that much on record to cover up at NASA,

432
00:43:37,011 --> 00:43:42,016
besides some of these sort of very spurious videos and a few testimonies.

433
00:43:42,016 --> 00:43:44,018
What about the testimony of the astronauts themselves?

434
00:43:44,018 --> 00:43:45,019
I mean, can you ignore that?

435
00:43:45,019 --> 00:43:47,021
You can't ignore it, no.

436
00:43:50,024 --> 00:43:55,029
Has NASA already gained knowledge of extraterrestrial intelligence?

437
00:43:56,029 --> 00:44:02,035
The team believes that until all NASA photographs and video evidence are released

438
00:44:02,035 --> 00:44:05,038
and open discussions on the events are allowed,

439
00:44:05,038 --> 00:44:08,041
the NASA files will remain open.

440
00:44:25,058 --> 00:44:28,061
NASA